5 Steps to Write a Strong Position Paper

5 Steps to Write a Strong Position Paper In a position paper task, your charge is to pick a side on a specific subject, in some cases dubious, and develop a case for your supposition or position. You will utilize realities, sentiment, measurements, and different types of proof to persuade your peruser that your position is the best one. To do this, youll gather look into for your position paper and specialty a blueprint so as to make a very much developed contention. Select a Topic for Your Paper Your position paper revolves around a theme that is upheld by inquire about. Your theme and position need to hold up when tested, so its supportive to examine a couple of subjects and pick the one you can best contend, regardless of whether it may not mirror your own convictions. Much of the time, the topic and your point are not as significant as your capacity to put forth a solid defense. Your point can be basic or complex, yet your contention must be sound and sensible. Lead Preliminary Research Fundamental research is important to decide if adequate proof is accessible to back up your position. You don’t need to get excessively appended to a theme that self-destructs under a test. Search a couple of legitimate destinations, similar to training (.edu) locales and government (.gov) destinations, to discover proficient investigations and measurements. In the event that you think of nothing following an hour of looking, or on the off chance that you find that your position doesn’t face the discoveries on respectable locales, pick another point. This could spare you from a great deal of dissatisfaction later. Challenge Your Own Topic You should realize the contrary view just as you most likely are aware your own position when you take a position. Set aside the effort to decide all the potential difficulties that you may look as you bolster your view. Your position paper must address the restricting perspective and work on it with counter-proof. Consider having companions, associates, or family banter the subject with you to get elective perspectives that you probably won't have promptly viewed yourself as. At the point when you discover contentions for the opposite side of your position, you can address them in a reasonable way, and afterward state why they are not sound. Another accommodating activity is to draw a line down the center of a plain piece of paper and rundown your focuses on one side and rundown restricting focuses on the opposite side. Which contention is truly better? In the event that it would appear that your restriction may dwarf you with admirable sentiments, you ought to reexamine your theme or your position on the point. Keep on gathering Supporting Evidence Once you’ve discovered that your position is legitimate and the contrary position is (as you would like to think) more fragile than your own, you are prepared to fan out with your exploration. Go to a library and lead a hunt, or request that the reference bookkeeper assist you with discovering more sources. You can, obviously, lead online research also, however its imperative to realize how to appropriately vet the legitimacy of the sources you use. Guarantee that your articles are composed by legitimate sources, and be careful about particular sources that vary from the standard, as these are frequently emotional instead of genuine in nature. Attempt to gather an assortment of sources, and incorporate both an expert’s sentiment (specialist, legal counselor, or teacher, for instance) and individual experience (from a companion or relative) that can add a passionate intrigue to your point. These announcements should bolster your own position however should peruse uniquely in contrast to your own words. The purpose of these is to add profundity to your contention or offer narrative help. Make an Outline A position paper can be organized in the accompanying arrangement: 1. Present your point with some fundamental foundation data. Develop to your proposal sentence, which affirms your position. Test focuses: For quite a long time, the FDA has necessitated that cautioning names ought to be put on specific items that represent a danger to open health.Fast food eateries are terrible for our health.Fast food bundles ought to contain notice marks. 2. Acquaint potential complaints with your position. Test focuses: Such marks would influence the benefits of major corporations.Many individuals would consider this to be overextending government control.Whose work is it to figure out which eateries are terrible? Who draws the line?The program would be expensive. 3. Support and recognize the restricting focuses. Simply be certain you arent defaming your own perspectives. Test focuses: It would be troublesome and costly for any substance to figure out which eateries ought to hold fast to the policy.Nobody needs to see the legislature violating its boundaries.Funding would fall on the shoulders of citizens. 4. Clarify that your position is as yet the best one, in spite of the quality of counter-contentions. This is the place you can work to dishonor a portion of the counter-contentions and backing your own. Test focuses: The expense would be countered by the improvement of open health.Restaurants may improve the gauges of food if notice marks were placed into place.One job of the administration is to keep residents safe.The government as of now does this with medications and cigarettes. 5. Sum up your contention and rehash your position. End your paper concentrating on your contention and stay away from the counter-contentions. You need your crowd to leave with your view on the subject being one that impacts them. At the point when you compose a position paper, compose with certainty and express your supposition with power. All things considered, you will likely show that your position is the right one.

How best to improve competition in the banking market Essay - 1

How best to improve rivalry in the financial market - Essay Example As a rule, utilization of the proficient structure speculation is anticipated in two essential manners relying upon the idea of effectiveness considered. While considering the X-effectiveness structure, the more productive associations have generally lower costs, which results to higher benefits and a bigger offer market. As per WISE, BLINDER and GORDON, (2001), this is genuine as a result of quality of unrivaled capacity in reducing creation costs. Then again, Scale Efficiency structure fills a similar need as the X-effectiveness, since it moves in the direction of accomplishing creation to the base normal cost point. Connection between calm Life Hypothesis and productivity structure On the off chance that peaceful life speculation holds, at that point it suggests that, the positive benefit structure affiliation is somewhat counterbalanced by cost increment from less fortunate cost effectiveness, which clarifies why the benefit structure affiliation is frail in various banks. A brought together methodology dependent on the both calm life speculation, structure theory can be utilized to characterize how much rivalry, and dependability in the financial area is affected (WISE, BLINDER and GORDON, 2001). ... Connection between calm Life Hypothesis and productivity structure If calm life speculation holds, at that point it infers that, the positive benefit structure affiliation is in part balanced by cost increment from more unfortunate cost effectiveness, which clarifies why the benefit structure affiliation is powerless in various banks. A bound together methodology dependent on the both calm life speculation, structure theory can be utilized to characterize how much rivalry, and soundness in the financial part is impacted (WISE, BLINDER and GORDON, 2001). Structure Conduct Performance The SCP investigations of banking generally can be partitioned into two essential gatherings as per the proportion of execution (JOHNSON, 2003). The gatherings incorporate the utilization of proportion of bits of some financial items and administration so as to catch the firm’s execution. The second includes the use of productivity measure, for example, return on resources or value. In any case, ut ilizing the bit of a solitary item might be deceiving sue to the multi-item nature of a bank’s yield. Then again, benefit measure might be progressively instructive, anyway may display trouble in understanding and deciphering because of the unpredictability of the bookkeeping systems. Connection between QLH, ESH and SCP The connection between showcase structure and execution treated inside the structure of structure-Conduct â€Performance (SCP) clarifies well, the serious status of a financial framework. The SCP closes relates with that proficiency Hypothesis (JOHNSON, 2003). At the point when Efficiency Hypothesis is applied in a financial part, the theory characterizes that a bank, which works more effectively than its rivals accomplish higher additions that outcomes from low operational expenses.

IQ vs. EQ Which One Is More Important

IQ vs. EQ Which One Is More Important Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Is IQ or EQ More Important? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on December 06, 2019 More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Whats more important in determining life successâ€"book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ). Proponents of the so-called book smarts might suggest that it is our IQ that plays the critical role in determining how well people fair in life. Those who advocate for the importance of what might be called street smarts would instead suggest that EQ is even more important. So which is it?  Illustration by Hugo Lin, Verywell Understanding the IQ vs. EQ Debate In his book  Emotional Intelligence, author and psychologist  Daniel Goleman suggested that EQ (or emotional intelligence quotient) might actually be more important than IQ.?? Why? Some psychologists believe that standard measures of intelligence (i.e.  IQ scores) are too narrow and do not encompass the full range of human intelligence. The psychologist Howard Gardner, for example, has suggested that intelligence is not simply a single general ability.?? Instead, he suggests that there are actually multiple intelligences and that people may have strengths in a number of these areas. Instead of focusing on a single, general intelligence, usually referred to as the g factor, some experts believe that  the ability to understand and express emotions can play an equal if the not more important role in how people fare in life.?? The Difference Between IQ and EQ How are IQ and EQ measured and tested? Lets start by defining the two terms in order to understand what they mean and how they differ. IQ, or  intelligence quotient, is a number derived from a  standardized intelligence test. On the original IQ tests, scores were calculated by dividing the individuals mental age by his or her  chronological age  and then multiplying that number by 100. So, a child with a mental age of 15 and a chronological age of 10 would have an IQ of 150. Today,  scores on most IQ tests are calculated  by comparing the test takers score to the average scores of other people in the same age group. IQ represents abilities such as: Visual and spatial processingKnowledge of the worldFluid reasoningWorking memory and short-term memoryQuantitative reasoning EQ, on the other hand, is a measure of a persons level of  emotional intelligence. This refers to a persons ability to perceive, control, evaluate, and express emotions. Researchers such as John Mayer and Peter Salovey as well as writers like Daniel Goleman have helped shine a light on  emotional intelligence, making it a hot topic in areas ranging from business management to education.?? EQ is centered on abilities such as: Identifying emotionsEvaluating how others feelControlling ones own emotionsPerceiving how others feelUsing emotions to facilitate social communicationRelating to others Since the 1990s, emotional intelligence has made the journey from a semi-obscure concept found in academic journals to a popularly recognized term. Today, you can buy toys that claim to help boost a childs emotional intelligence or enroll your kids in  social and emotional learning  (SEL) programs designed to teach  emotional intelligence skills.  In some schools in the United States, social and emotional learning is even a curriculum requirement. Which Is More Important? At one point in time, IQ was viewed as the primary determinant of success. People with high IQs were assumed to be destined for a life of accomplishment and achievement and researchers debated whether intelligence was the product of genes or the environment (the old  nature versus nurture debate). However, some critics began to realize that not only was high intelligence no guarantee for success in life, it was also perhaps too narrow a concept to fully encompass the wide range of human abilities and knowledge. IQ is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement. People with high IQs  typically to do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general.?? But today experts recognize it is not the only determinate of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex array of influences that includes emotional intelligence among other things. The concept of emotional intelligence has had a strong impact in a number of areas, including the business world. Many companies now mandate  emotional intelligence  training and utilize EQ tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong  leadership  potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that a high EQ is an important quality for business leaders and managers to have.?? For example, one insurance company discovered that EQ could play a vital role in sales success. Sales agents who ranked lower on emotional intelligence abilities such as empathy, initiative, and self-confidence were found to sell policies with an average premium of $54,000. For comparison, those agents who ranked highly on measures of EQ sold policies worth an average of $114,000. Emotional abilities can also influence the choices that consumers make when confronted with buying decisions. Nobel-prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman has found that people would rather deal with a person that they trust and like rather than someone they do not, even if that means paying more for an inferior product.?? Can Emotional Intelligence Be Learned? So you might be wondering if emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programs, the answer to that question is an unequivocal yes. The study found that approximately 50% of kids enrolled in SEL programs had better achievement scores and almost 40% showed improved grade-point-averages. These programs were also linked to lowered suspension rates, increased school attendance, and reduced disciplinary problems. Some strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include offering character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic toward others. A Word From Verywell Life success is a result of many factors. Both IQ and EQ undoubtedly play roles in influencing your overall success, as well as things such as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors might have a more dominant influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening certain cognitive abilities, such as your memory and mental focus, you can also acquire new social and emotional skills that will serve you well in many different areas of your life.

Modeling Meiosis Lab Lesson Plan

Sometimes students struggle with some concepts that relate to evolution. Meiosis is a somewhat complicated process, but necessary to mix up genetics of offspring so natural selection can work on a population by choosing the most desirable traits to be passed down to the next generation. Hands-on activities can help some students grasp the concepts. Especially in cellular processes when it is difficult to imagine something so small. The materials in this activity are common and easily found. The procedure does not  rely on expensive equipment like microscopes or take up a lot of space. Preparing for Modeling Meiosis Classroom Lab Activity Pre-Lab Vocabulary Before starting the lab, make sure students can define the following terms: MeiosisChromosomeCrossing OverHaploidDiploidHomologous PairGametesZygote Purpose of the Lesson To understand and describe the process of meiosis and its purpose using models.   Background Information   Most cells in multicellular organisms like plants and animals  are diploid. A diploid  cell has two sets of chromosomes that form homologous pairs.  A cell with only one set of chromosomes are considered haploid. Gametes, like the egg and sperm in humans, are examples haploid. Gametes fuse during sexual reproduction to form a zygote which is once again diploid with one set of chromosomes from each parent. Meiosis  is a process that starts with one diploid cell and creates four haploid cells. Meiosis is similar to mitosis and must have the cells DNA replicate before it can begin. This creates chromosomes that are made up of two sister chromatids connected by a centromere. Unlike mitosis, meiosis requires two rounds of division to get half the number of chromosomes into all of the daughter cells.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meiosis begins with meiosis 1 when homologous pairs of chromosomes will be split.  The stages of meiosis 1 are similarly named to the stages in mitosis and also have similar milestones: prophase 1: homologous pairs come together to form tetrads, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle forms (crossing over may also happen during this phase)metaphase 1: tetrads line up at the equator following the law of independent assortmentanaphase 1: homologous pairs are pulled aparttelophase 1: cytoplasm divides, nuclear envelope may or may not reform The nuceli now only have 1 set of (duplicated) chromosomes. Meiosis 2 will see the sister chromatids split apart. This process is just like mitosis. The names of the stages are the same as mitosis, but they have the number 2 after them (prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2). The main difference is that the DNA does not go through replication before the start of meiosis 2. Materials and Procedure You will need the following materials: String4 different colors of paper (preferably light blue, dark blue, light green, dark green)Ruler or Meter StickScissorsMarker4 paper clipsTape Procedure: Using 1 m piece of string, make a circle on your desk to represent the cell membrane. Using a 40 cm piece of string, make another circle inside the cell for the nuclear membrane.Cut 1 strip of paper that is 6 cm long, and 4 cm wide from each color of paper (one light blue, one dark blue, one light green, and one dark green) Fold each of the four strips of paper in half, lengthwise. Then place the folded strips of each color inside the nucleus to represent a chromosome before replication. The light and dark strips of the same color represent homologous chromosomes. At one end of the dark blue strip write  a large B (brown eyes) on the light blue make a lower case b (blue eyes). On the dark green at a tip write T (for tall) and on the light green write a lower case t (short)Modeling interphase: to represent DNA replication, unfold each paper strip and cut in half lengthwise. The two pieces that result from cutting each strip represent the chromatids. Attach the two identical chromati d strips at the center with a paperclip, so an X is formed. Each paper clip represents a centromere.4Modeling prophase 1:  remove the nuclear envelope and put it aside. Place the light and dark blue chromosomes side by side and the light and dark green chromosomes side by side.  Simulate crossing over by measuring and cutting a 2 cm tip for a light blue strip that includes the letters you drew on them earlier. Do the same with a dark blue strip. Tape the light blue tip to the dark blue strip and vice versa. Repeat this process for the light and dark green chromosomes.Modeling metaphase 1: Place four 10 cm strings inside the cell, so that two strings extend from one side into the center of the cell and two strings extend from the opposite side into the center of the cell. The string represents the spindle fibers. Tape a string to the centromere of each chromosome with tape. Move the chromosomes to the center of the cell. Make sure that the strings attached to the two blue chromos omes  come from opposite sides of the cell (same for the two green chromosomes).  Modeling anaphase 1: Grab onto the ends of the strings on both sides of the cell, and slowly pull the strings in opposite directions, so the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.Modeling telophase 1: Remove the string from each centromere. Place a 40 cm piece of string around each group of chromatids, forming two nuclei. Place a 1 m piece of string around each cell, forming two membranes. You now have 2 different daughter cells. MEIOSIS 2 Modeling prophase 2: Remove the strings that represent the nuclear membrane in both cells. Attach a 10 cm piece of string to each chromatid.Modeling metaphase  2:   Move the chromosomes to the center of each cell, so they are lined up at the equator. Make sure the strings attached to the two strips in each chromosome come from opposite sides of the cell.Modeling anaphase  2: Grab onto the strings on both sides of each cell, and pull them slowly in  opposite directions. The strips should separate. Only one of the chromatids should have the paper clip still attached to it.Modeling telophase  2: Remove the strings and paper clips. Each strip of paper now represents a chromosome. Place a 40  cm. piece of string around each group of chromosomes, forming four nuclei. Place a 1m string around each cell, forming four separate cells with only one chromosome in each.    Analysis Questions Have students answer the following questions to understand the concepts explored in this activity. What process did you model when you cut the strips in half in interphase?What is the function of your paper clip? Why is it used to represent a centromere?What is the purpose of placing the light and dark strips of the same color side by side?How many chromosomes are in each cell at the end of meiosis 1? Describe what each part of your model represents.What is the diploid chromosome number of the original cell in your model? How many homologous pairs did you make?If a cell with a diploid number of 8 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, draw what  the cell looks like after Telophase 1.What would happen to an offspring if cells did not undergo meiosis before sexual reproduction?How does crossing over change diversity of traits in a population?Predict what would happen if homologous chromosomes did not pair in prophase 1. Use your model to show this.

William Shakespeare s Othello And Cymbeline - 1263 Words

Maggie Kaprosch Professor Sheerin ENGL 3336.01 May 2, 2016 Cymbeline and Othello When studying Shakespeare’s Othello and Cymbeline it is important to note the plays possess several similarities in plot and characterization, including accusations of adultery and deceitful, foiling characters. More specifically, I noticed strong likenesses shared by the characters Iago and Iachimo. I would even argue that the similarities between the names Iago and Iachimo are no coincidence, but a deliberate choice made by Shakespeare. Iachimo is molded very similarly to Iago; however, unlike Iago, his plans don’t necessarily work out (because you know, the good guys don’t die at the end of the Cymbeline and Iachimo apologizes for his wrongdoings). Therefore, I would argue that Iago isn’t necessarily as strong a villain as Iago. In both Othello and Cymbeline, Shakespeare uses Iago and Iachimo to explore the power of persuasive and manipulative language, as well as showcasing the stark contrast between deception (Iago and Iachimo) and naivety (Desdemona and Imogen). Shakespeare also utilizes intertextuality (the relationship between texts, in this case Othello and Cymbeline) to develop these thematic connections – specifically, the power of language. Iago is arguably one of the most villainous characters in all of Shakespeare’s plays, as he had no valid reasoning for ruining Othello’s life. Throughout the play, Iago was controlled by his blinding hatred for Othello. However, his motive forShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare: A Brief Biography651 Words   |  3 Pages William Shakespeare is arguably the most well known and successful author is the history of literature. Little is known about Shakespeare’s childhood and is what questions he’s existence. Besides the lack of knowledge of his childhood, Shakespeare lived a successful adult life. His plays changed the english language language forever. In all of his success, people still doubt he ever existed. William Shakespeare’s birth is unknown but church records show that he was baptised on April 26, 1564Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet, King Lear, And A Midsummer s Night Dream1037 Words   |  5 Pagesof Avon, commonly known as William Shakespeare is one of the best known playwrights in the (Video). A few of his most famous plays include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, and A Midsummer’s Night Dream (McArthur). Although he was popular during his time, Shakespeare’s influence continued to grow after his death and today he well known around the world. He added 2,000 words to the English dictionary and he is the 2nd most quoted after the Bible (Video). 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Other thanRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Shakespeare2736 Words   |  11 PagesBiography of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564. He was baptized on April 24, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. He was the third of eight children born to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, three of whom died in childhood. John was a well-known merchant and Mary was the daughter of a Roman Catholic member of the gentry, or high social position. The house where Shakespeare spent his childhood stood adjacent to he wool shop in which his father plied a successful

Harper Lee’s Influence on Scout Free Essays

Harper Lee grew up in Monroeville, Alabama where girls were expected to be ladies, Harper Lee was just the opposite, a tomboy, and she wrote her famous novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† based upon her childhood experiences. Harper Lee made her main character Scout to be very similar to her. Harper Lee created the town of Maycomb with features almost exactly like Monroeville. We will write a custom essay sample on Harper Lee’s Influence on Scout or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harper Lee based Scout’s father Atticus after her own father Amasa Coleman Lee. Harper Lee based her book â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† about her own childhood because she thought an author should write what he knows. Harper Lee was a strong early reader and similarly so was Scout. â€Å"As a child, Harper Lee was an avid reader, similar to Scout’s own ability to read before starting school. † (To Kill a Mockingbird). Another thing that both Scout and Harper Lee had in common was they were both tom boy rule breakers. â€Å"As a child, Harper Lee was an unruly tomboy. She fought on the playground. She talked back to teachers. She was bored with school and resisted any sort of conformity† (The Big Read). Just the same Scout fought with Cecil and Francis. Both Harper Lee and Scout live in a town’s that are very representative of each other. The town of Maycomb is very much so based upon Lee’s home town of Monroeville. â€Å"The town of Maycomb is modeled after Lee’s own home town. The schoolyard in the novel is the same one Lee played in as a child. And the Maycomb courtroom is the Monroeville courtroom down to the last detail. She patterned her characters’ speech after the Southern dialect she grew up with. She also looked to the citizens of Monroeville when setting up her cast of characters. (Reading about race and membership in America). The childhood best friends Dill and Truman were the neighbors of Scout and Harper Lee. Harper Lee’s good friend and neighbor growing up was a boy named Truman Capote whom Lee based Dill, the best friend and neighbor of Scout. â€Å"Dill, for example, is patterned after one of her childhood friends, Truman Capote† (Reading about race and membership in Ameri ca). Another character Lee based off of her childhood was her father, creating Atticus Finch. The character Atticus Finch is a representation of Harper Lee’s father Amasa Coleman Lee. Both men were lawyers who represented black men, and lost their cases unfairly due to race. Harper Lee’s father represented two men accused of murder, he lost the case and both clients were killed. â€Å"He once defended two black men accused of murdering a white storekeeper. Both clients, a father and son, were hanged. † (The Big Read). Harper Lee based her novel around her life, there are many similarities found within her book that are directly related to her life. Upon the thoughts that an author should base his writings upon what he know, Harper Lee based her novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† loosely around her childhood. Harper Lee created the character Scout with many features to resemble herself as a child. The town of Maycomb was created by Harper Lee as an almost exact replica of her hometown, Monroeville Alabama. Atticus Finch was created to resemble Harper Lee’s father Amasa Coleman Lee and the two have many similarities. Harper Lee only created this one book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† she never expected to get this much attention for her works. How to cite Harper Lee’s Influence on Scout, Papers

Starbucks Global Supply Chain Management Essay Sample free essay sample

Stacy Duda. LaShawn James. Zeryn Mackwani. Raul Munoz. and David Volk prepared this instance under the supervising of Professor Hau Lee as the footing for category treatment instead than to exemplify either effectual or uneffective handling of an administrative state of affairs. Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. To order transcripts or bespeak permission to reproduce stuffs. email the Case Writing Office at: [ electronic mail protected ]/*or write: Case Writing Office. Stanford Graduate School of Business. 518 Memorial Way. Stanford University. Stanford. CA 94305-5015. No portion of this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system. used in a spreadsheet. or transmitted in any signifier or by any agencies –– electronic. mechanical. run offing. entering. or otherwise –– without the permission of the Stanford Graduate School of Business. STARBUCKS CORPORATIONBuilding A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINOver the last several old ages. Starbucks has instituted a new buying doctrine. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Global Supply Chain Management Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have done this because it is the right thing to make – for husbandmans. for our people. and for our concern. Because we have persuaded our clients to pay high monetary values for quality roasted java. we are able to pay high monetary values for green unroasted java. We besides believe that the high monetary values we pay for java allow us to be a possible force for positive reform in every portion of our supply concatenation. —Orin Smith. Former President and CEO ; and Dub Hay. SVP. Coffee. Starbucks Corporation Starbucks Corporation was the world’s largest forte java retail merchant. with $ 6. 4 billion in one-year gross for the financial twelvemonth ended October 2. 2005. The company continued to spread out the figure of retail shops worldwide. and systematically saw strong growing in the gross revenues and net net incomes ( see Exhibits 1 and 2 ) . Since traveling public in 1992. its stock appreciated more than 4. 000 per centum after seting for stock splits. In the 1990s. the forte java industry experienced mammoth growing. fueled mostly by the coffee-drinking wonts of college alumnuss and other educated professionals. In the old few old ages. nevertheless. a world-wide glut of lower-grade java had depressed the world’s market monetary values. doing it hard for java husbandmans to gain adequate gross to cover the cost of production. Although Starbucks merely purchased the highest quality Arabica java and paid premium monetary values. all husbandmans suffered from the glut of java ( see Exhibit 3 ) . 1 This instance is based on interviews with the following Starbucks representatives: Dub Hay. Vice President of Coffee Procurement ; Brooke Brown. Undertaking Specialist. Coffee ; Stephane Erard ; and Michelle Richardson. All subsequent quotation marks and mentions are from these interviews or information provided by Starbucks unless otherwise noted. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 2 By the terminal of 2005. Starbucks was at a disputing point in its history. It boasted more than 10. 000 stores—up from 676 a decennary before—and roasted 2. 3 per centum of the world’s java. Each twenty-four hours it opened an norm of four shops and hired 200 employees. To back up such a high growing rate. it was clear that an built-in portion of the company’s hereafter success would come from run intoing increased demand through a unafraid supply of high-quality java beans. Coffee beans constituted the staff of life and butter of Starbucks’ business—the company had to guarantee a sustainable supply of this cardinal trade good. Consequently. Starbucks partnered with Conservation International. an environmental non-profit-making organisation. to develop C. A. F. E. Practices ( Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices ) . C. A. F. E. ’s ends were to lend to the support of java husbandmans and to guarantee high-quality java for the long term. This enterprise was based on three rules: ( 1 ) a sustainable supply of high quality java beans. provided by a stable beginning of java farms with husbandmans who were non exploited by their trading spouses. ( 2 ) lands farmed with environmentally sound methods. and ( 3 ) households that live in healthy. secure and supportive societies. Such husbandmans would be more inclined and able to put in productiveness betterment tools and activities. and in their communities. thereby advancing a beginning of stable and sustainable java supply. Company BACKGROUNDStarbucks was founded in 1971 when three academics—English instructor Jerry Baldwin. history instructor Zev Siegel. and writer Gordon Bowker—opened a shop called â€Å"Starbucks Coffee. Tea. and Spice† in Seattle. The spouses named the company in award of Starbuck. the coffee-loving first mate in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. The company’s logo is a two-tailed mermaid encircled by the store’s name. By the early 1980s. the company had four Starbucks shops in the Seattle country and had showed profitableness every twelvemonth since gap. However. the functions of the laminitiss underwent major alterations. Zev Siegel left the company. Jerry Baldwin took over daily direction and functioned as CEO. and Gordon Bowker remained involved as proprietor while giving most of his clip to other concern ventures. In 1982. Baldwin recruited Howard Schultz. frailty president and general director of U. S. operations for Hammarplast. a Swedish shaper of fashionable kitchen equipment and housewares. as caput selling and retail shops supervisor. Schultz’s biggest thought for the hereafter of Starbucks came during the spring of 1983 when the company sent him to Milan. Italy. to go to an international housewares show. While walking from his hotel to the convention centre. Schultz spotted an espresso saloon and went inside to look around. The teller beside the door nodded and smiled. The barista ( antagonistic worker ) greeted Howard cheerfully. so gracefully pulled a shooting of espresso for one client and handcrafted a foaming cappuccino for another. all the piece discoursing happily with those standing at the counter. On Schultz’s return from Italy. he shared his disclosure and thoughts for modifying the format of Starbucks shops with Baldwin and Bowker. But alternatively of winning t heir blessing. Schultz encountered strong opposition. After many failed attempts seeking to carry Baldwin and Bowker. Schultz decided to go forth Starbucks and planned to open espresso bars in high-traffic downtown locations that would emulate the friendly. energetic ambiance he had encountered in Italy. Schultz left Starbucks in late 1985 to open his first Il Giornale shop a twelvemonth subsequently. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 3 In March 1987. Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker decided to sell the whole Starbucks operation in Seattle—the shops. the roasting works. and the Starbucks name. Schultz raised capital and instantly bought the company. The new name of the combined companies was Starbucks Corporation. Howard Schultz. at the age of 34. became Starbucks’ president and CEO. In 2005. Starbucks had more than 10. 200 company operated A ; licensed shops in more than 35 states. The shops offered java drinks and nutrient points. every bit good as beans. java accoutrements. teas. and music. Starbucks operated more than 5. 200 shops in 10 states ( 80 per centum in the U. S. ) . while licensees operated more than 2. 800 units in 28 states. U. S. licensed shops were located chiefly in shopping centres and airdromes. The company besides owned and licensed the Seattle’s Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia ironss in the U. S. ( m ore than 100 stores ) . In add-on. Starbucks marketed its java through food market shops and licensed its trade name for other nutrient and drink merchandises. THE SPECIALTY COFFEE INDUSTRY AND THE STARBUCKS COFFEE SUPPLY CHAIN Since the 1980s and particularly in the 1990s. the forte java industry grew dramatically. Many experts felt that the differentiated javas supported by the forte industry would go on to spread out at a much faster rate than conventional javas. However. the definition of forte in the United States continued to be refined. By 2005. it included javas that were non needfully high quality and were otherwise merely distinguished by being flavored ( e. g. . cocoa. cinnamon. and hazelnut. etc. ) and served as an espresso or milk-based drink. The industry began to redefine â€Å"specialty† to reflect more of a quality orientation ( see Exhibit 4 ) . Besides called â€Å"gourmet† or â€Å"premium† java. forte java was made from exceeding beans grown merely in ideal coffee-producing climes. It tended to have typical spirits. shaped by the alone features of the dirt in which it was grown. Specialty java becam e one of the fastest turning nutrient service markets in the universe. The per centum of grownups in the U. S. that consumed forte java daily increased from 9 per centum in 2000 to 16 per centum in 2004. and 56 per centum of grownups claimed to be occasional consumers. The entire forte java market was estimated to be $ 9. 62 billion in 2004. In 2004. there were an estimated 18. 600 forte java mercantile establishments in the United States. 3 Starbucks’ success had prompted a figure of ambitious challengers to scale up their enlargement programs. Perceivers believed there was room in the class for at least two or three other national participants. ( See Exhibit 5 for Starbucks’ key competitors. ) Coffee beans could come from all over the world—about 50 per centum came from Latin America. 35 per centum from the Pacific Rim. and 15 per centum from East Africa. Most of the java manufacturers were little to moderate-sized family-owned farms. Some farms were able to treat their java beans. but most sold their end products to processors through local markets ( Millss. exporters or co-ops ) . The processors turned java â€Å"cherry† into parchment or green java. and so sold it to providers who were exporters or distributers. These providers provided many services to 2 â€Å"Specialty Coffee Retail in the USA 2005. † Specialty Coffee Association of America. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scaa. org/pdfs/news/specialtycoffeeretail. pdf ( February 5. 2007 ) . 3 Ibid. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 4 processors and husbandmans. such as selling. dry milling. proficient java expertness. funding. and export logistics. Starbucks besides purchased java through agents from single estates and manufacturer associations in add-on to providers. or straight from the processors. ( Exhibit 6 gives a simplified image of the supply concatenation of green java to Starbucks. ) C. A. F. E. PRACTICES Despite its domination of the forte java industry. Starbucks did non utilize its buying power as a manner to squash its java providers in order to better borders. Alternatively. the company decided to utilize its market power as a manner to implement societal alteration within its supply concatenation through C. A. F. E. Practices. C. A. F. E. Practices was a manner for Starbucks to guarantee a sustainable supply of high quality java beans. which was an indispensable constituent of Starbucks’ concern. The enterprise built reciprocally good relationships with java husbandmans and their communities. It besides helped to antagonize the glut of low-grade java on the world’s market. which suppressed monetary values doing it hard for husbandmans to cover the cost of production. When Starbucks implemented C. A. F. E. Practices. it had six aims in head: 1. Increase economic. societal. and environmental sustainability in the forte java industry. including preservation of biodive rsity. 2. Promote Starbucks providers to implement C. A. F. E. Practices through economic inducements and discriminatory purchasing position.3. Buy the bulk of Starbucks java under C. A. F. E. Practices guidelines by 2007. 4. Negotiate reciprocally good long-run contracts with providers to back up Starbucks growing. 5. Build reciprocally good and progressively direct relationships with providers. 6. Promote transparence and economic equity within the java supply concatenation. C. A. F. E. Practices was a set of java purchasing guidelines designed to back up java purchasers and java husbandmans. guarantee high quality java and advance just relationships with husbandmans. workers. and communities. every bit good as to protect the environment ( see Exhibit 7 ) . It was non a codification of behavior or a conformity plan. Alternatively. it was a manner of making concern that was aimed at guaranting sustainability and equity in the java supply concatenation. This sustainability and equity was ac hieved through a set of planetary guidelines for Starbucks providers and a set of inducements to honor husbandmans and providers who followed those guidelines. The guidelines consisted foremost of a set of requirements. which had to be met in order to be considered for the C. A. F. E. Practices enterprise. These requirements set a minimal criterion for Starbucks providers. including java quality and economic transparence. The transparence requirement meant that providers were expected to exemplify economic transparence on the sum of money that was finally paid to husbandmans. After the initial requirements had been met. providers were graded based on a set of environmental and societal standards. All providers were evaluated non merely on their public presentation. but besides on their supply webs of farms. Farmers were rewarded for java growth and processing patterns that contributed positively to the preservation of dirt. H2O. energy. and Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 5 biological diverseness. and had minimum impact on the environment. Besides. C. A. F. E. Practices encouraged husbandmans and others to do certain that workers’ rewards met or exceeded the minimal demands under local and national Torahs. Effective steps were required to guarantee workers’ wellness and safety and supply them with equal life conditions. Based on their public presentation. as measured against the environmental and societal standards. providers might gain up to 100 per centum points in C. A. F. E. Practices. Under C. A. F. E. Practices. farms. Millss. and providers had to exemplify just payments to those who worked for them or sold to them. They had to show economic answerability and document their hiring and employment patterns. Tonss were audited by an independent voucher. and licensed by Scientific Certification Systems. a third-party enfranchisement company that provided independent analysis and enfranchisement of a broad scope of environment sustainability and nutrient safety accomplishments. 4 Since the voucher was independent of Starbucks. the cost of the confirmation had to be negotiated between the provider and the voucher. However. there was no cost to the provider to subject a C. A. F. E. Practices application to Starbucks. In order to measure up for C. A. F. E. Practices provider position. providers had to be independently verified and run into minimal Social Responsibility standards. Points above 60 per centum increased the position of the provider. For tonss above 60 per centum. the provider qualified as a Preferred provider and would derive penchant in future Starbucks java purchases. Additionally. providers who earned tonss above 80 per centum would measure up as Strategic providers and would gain a Sustainability Conversion Premium of $ 0. 05 per lb of java for one twelvemonth. 5 In order to promote continued betterment. Starbucks besides offered an extra Sustainability Performance Premium of $ 0. 05 per lb of java to providers who were able to accomplish a 10- point addition above 80 per centum over the class of a twelvemonth. Besides the monetary value premium for Strategic Suppliers. C. A. F. E. Practices allowed Starbucks to purchase from preferable providers foremost. paying high monetary values and offering discriminatory contract footings to those with the highest tonss. The premium monetary values helped java husbandmans make net incomes and back up their households. despite a planetary oversupply in the java bean industry. Additionally. Starbucks provided entree to affordable recognition to java husbandmans through assorted loan financess. They invested in societal development in java bring forthing states and collaborated with husbandmans through the Farmer Support Center in Costa Rica to supply proficient support and preparation. If a provider failed to run into C. A. F. E. Practices standards. Starbucks sponsored information Sessionss in java growth parts for husbandmans. ( See Exhibit 8 for a description of a husbandman benefiting from the C. A. F. E. Practices program. ) BENEFITS TO STARBUCKSEven though the direct benefits of C. A. F. E. Practices helped providers and husbandmans. Starbucks received important indirect benefits from the plan. The plan strengthened Starbucks’ supply base. improved its selling ability. and increased its visibleness into the supply concatenation. 4 â€Å"About SCS. † Scientific Certification Systems. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scscertified. org/about. hypertext markup language ( March 1. 2007 ) . 5 On norm. Starbucks paid about $ 1. 20 per lb of java. â€Å"Starbucks – Corporate Social Responsibility Report. FY04. † Starbucks Corporation. p. 15. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 6 Therefore. the benefits of C. A. F. E. Practices extended all the manner through the supply concatenation. from the farm to the terminal consumer. Supply BaseOn the supply basal side. the plan served to lock in strategic and high quality providers. This consistent. quality supply could supply Starbucks with a competitory advantage over other java roasters in the industry. Since providers would hold invested resources in following with Starbucks plans. they would hold an inducement to stay with Starbucks and would confront exchanging costs should they seek to show their excellence to another java roaster. The big pool of high quality providers would besides smooth supply fluctuations by supplying a basal supply of high quality agriculturists. Since Starbucks’ long purchase rhythm included signing purchase understandings before the harvest had even been harvested. any decrease in supply uncertainnesss and fluctuations could take to better planning of future supply in the signifier of faster procurance. C. A. F. E. Practices could besides better Starbucks’ repute among providers. which would do it easier to spread out into buying in different states or locations. In the long tally. C. A. F. E. Practices besides sought to buffer against a signifier of bullwhip consequence that existed in the java industry supply concatenation. As java gross revenues increased during the 1990s with the growing of Starbucks and the forte java industry. providers and husbandmans began to react with a immense addition in the sum of land dedicated to coffee agriculture. The ensuing oversupply of java beans on the market led to decreased monetary values and a deficit of high quality java. Such fluctuations in monetary value and supply were common in trade good merchandises that faced really long supply response times. In order to battle monetary value and supply volatility. the C. A. F. E. Practices enterprise induced longer-term supply relationships with a consistent set of providers. Starbucks was hopeful that this plan would cut down its susceptibleness to monetary value and supply volatility in the planetary java market. SellingOn the selling side. C. A. F. E. Practices supported Starbucks’ socially responsible ends. While C. A. F. E. Practices were non yet widespread and were non straight marketed to clients. an increased consciousness of Starbucks corporate societal duty ( CSR ) patterns could assist warrant Starbucks’ premium monetary values. C. A. F. E. Practices would let Starbucks to market its java as procured through a extremely selective procedure that ensured merely the highest quality beans. Awareness of this plan might promote other java roasters to fall in in the C. A. F. E. Practices plan ; nevertheless. Starbucks would be known as the discoverer of the plan. They might besides be able to trade name their patterns and sell the know-how to other roasters that were looking to implement similar enterprises. Such widespread enlargement of the plan would merely function to widen its benefits towards making a base of high quality java beans. With each betterment in the supply of beans. Starbucks achieved more flexibleness in being able to bear down premium monetary values at its shops. C. A. F. E. Practices besides improved employee morale by making an ambiance of societal duty that they could be proud of. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 7 Supply Chain Visibility Finally. C. A. F. E. Practices increased the visibleness of Starbucks’ supply concatenation by demanding documented and verified merchandise and fiscal flows through its suppliers’ supply ironss. In the yesteryear. Starbucks had really hapless visibleness into their supply base. as java husbandmans and processors were non really technologically sophisticated or mature in their concern procedures. By increasing the transparence of their supply base. Starbucks would be able to derive a better apprehension of the demands and the conditions of their providers. The increased visibleness would besides let Starbucks to better its relationships with agriculturists. who before had been isolated from them due to intermediaries—coffee exporters and distributors—that came between the two sides. On a more practical note. increased visibleness in the supply concatenation could let Starbucks to break predict supply deficits as they arose. Since the bulk of Starbucks java was grown in developing states in Latin America. Africa. South America. and Southeasterly Asia. Starbucks had a important hazard of supply deficit due to regional instability. Without visibleness into the supply base. Starbucks did non hold a good manner to foretell the impact of regional instability to its java supply. With increased visibleness. an eruption of regional instability could be linked to a peculiar measure of expected java supply. giving Starbucks progress notice of the demand to happen alternate beginnings of java. This could let Starbucks to be proactive in pull offing supply breaks even before they arose. Corporate SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYStarbucks provided assorted resources to advance and assist husbandmans follow with the guidelines of C. A. F. E. Practices and guarantee sustainability. In January 2004. the company opened a farmer support centre called the Starbucks Coffee Agronomy Company in Costa Rica that contained a squad of experts in dirt direction and field-crop production ( agronomists ) . and in java quality and sustainable patterns. These experts collaborated straight with husbandmans and providers in Central America and provided services to husbandmans and providers in Mexico and South America. This helped construct long-run and strategic relationships with members in the supply concatenation who were committed to the sustainable production of high-quality java. They besides administered C. A. F. E. Practices. oversaw regional societal plans. and engaged with local authorities on sustainability issues. Starbucks besides bought certified or eco-labeled javas that had been grown and sold in ways that helped continue the natural environment and/or promote economic sustainability. There were three such types of environmentally sustainable java purchased by Starbucks: Conservation Coffee ( shade-grown ) : Starbucks. through its partnership with CI ( a non-profit-making organisation dedicated to protecting planetary biodiversity ) . encouraged java husbandmans to utilize traditional and sustainable cultivation methods. The basic purpose was to protect shadiness trees. which were frequently stripped off and replaced with tight rows of java trees on big java plantations. This non merely destroyed the home grounds of legion species but besides resulted in lower java production. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 8 Certified Organic Coffee: This java was grown without the usage of man-made pesticides. weedkillers. or chemical fertilisers to assist keep healthy dirt and groundwater. Fair Trade Certified Coffee: Through a licensing understanding with TransFair USA. Starbucks tried to guarantee that java husbandmans were reasonably compensated for their harvests. The Fair Trade Certified Coffee label certified that the java met Fair Trade standards. These standards focused chiefly on monetary value and other sustainable demands. Fair Trade Certified coffees merely came from democratically owned co-ops. non big farms or java pulled across supply channels. In order to better farmers’ entree to funding. Starbucks provided loan financess to several organisations to guarantee that husbandmans could obtain low-cost loans and to assist them derive some fiscal ability to better their agribusiness techniques. In 2004. Starbucks co mmitted $ 6 million to several loan plans. The importance and alliance of this upstream support constituent was highlighted in a quotation mark from Shari Berenbach of Calvert Foundation: â€Å"Starbucks has taken a leading place by alining its investing capital with the company’s mission and merchandises to make more sustainable java turning communities. † Finally. Starbucks worked with local husbandmans to understand the greatest demands of their rural communities. which frequently lacked basic necessities such as equal lodging. wellness clinics. schools. good roads. and fresh imbibing H2O. Starbucks collaborated with these husbandmans to develop undertakings that helped run into their demands. particularly in countries where the company bought big volumes of java. In financial 2004. the company contributed about $ 1. 8 million for 35 societal plans. C. A. F. E. PRACTICES IMPLEMENTATIONThere were two chief challenges confronting C. A. F. E. Practices execution that could potentially be addressed with better integrated information engineerings. First. since some members of the supply concatenation had really hapless information systems. it could be really hard to derive economic transparency—a cardinal end of C. A. F. E. Practices—from these members. Second. as C. A. F. E. Practices were updated and refined. it became a dashing occupation to efficaciously pass on the revised demands and patterns to husbandmans. providers. and other members of the industry. In add-on. it had been a really labour-intensive and slow procedure to measure husbandmans for tonss in the C. A. F. E. plan. Hearers had non pick but to go to the farms. which were frequently located in hardly accessible countries. The company was in the procedure of developing an internal system to track conformity with C. A. F. E. Practices. and link such informations to back up procurance. The program was to incorporate the C. A. F. E. Practices information. at the clip stored in spreadsheets. with the more various database. and to so associate the information with its procurance system. together with other information systems on quality informations. To Starbucks. it seemed that a more comprehensive information system was needed to back up a large-scale execution of C. A. F. E. Practices. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 9 FUTURE OF C. A. F. E. PRACTICESAs Starbucks embarked on the aggressive enlargement of C. A. F. E. Practices towards run intoing its end of providing the bulk of its java through the plan by 2007. there were a figure of internal and external challenges. Internally. Starbucks would hold to turn to its information system issues. Externally. Starbucks had to happen an effectual manner to pass on and interface with its low-tech providers. The chance. nevertheless. was enormous. If Starbucks was able to get the better of the execution issues that it faced. C. A. F. E. Practices could travel a long manner towards bettering the sustainability of its java supply concatenation while at the same clip bettering Starbucks’ image as a socially responsible corporation.